ACTIVATED CARBON FOR HEAVY METAL REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
ABSTRACT:
In a series of batch experiments, the feasibility of utilizing activated carbon derived from Balanites aegyptiaca seeds was explored in comparison to industrial activated carbon for the removal of chromium, lead, copper, cobalt, nickel, cadmium, and manganese from aqueous solutions through adsorption processes conducted within a contact time ranging from 30 to 150 minutes. The activated carbon samples were prepared using zinc chloride and tetraoxophosphate V acid. The study delved into the impact of initial solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial concentration of the various metal ions on the adsorption process. Results indicated that the Balanites aegyptiaca seeds-based activated carbon exhibited substantial adsorption capacities for these heavy metal ions. The percentage removal rates were as follows: Cr (VI) (64%, 70%, and 71%), Cu (II) (75%, 78%, and 80%), Pb (II) (86%, 69%, and 69.61%), Cd (II) (69%, 72%, and 69%), Ni (II) (72%, 78%, and 77%), Co (II) (66%, 68%, and 69%), and Mn (III) (80%, 79%, and 77.8%), respectively. Equilibrium in adsorption was achieved within 90 minutes for the heavy metal ions. The equilibrium data fitting analysis favored the pseudo-second-order model over other models, including pseudo-first order, Natarajan and Khalaf, and Elovich models. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that these adsorbents were effective in removing metal ions from both wastewater and aqueous media with similar characteristics.
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