EXPLORING HYDROLOGICAL PARAMETER VARIATIONS OVER SPACE AND TIME IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Abstract:
Climate Variability Assessment of Hydrological Parameters at Kainji and Shiroro Dams, Niger State
Climate variability has emerged as a prominent concern in the 21st century. This study aims to comprehend variations in climatic conditions and long-term catchment patterns by utilizing mean monthly seasonality indices. Furthermore, the research seeks to investigate disparities in hydrological parameters at an extended event scale. By conducting a comparative analysis of spatial-temporal variations in hydrological indicators at Kainji and Shiroro Dams in Niger State, this study contributes to informed future planning in the region.
Employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study incorporates geospatial techniques to analyze the land use patterns around the dam areas. Landsat satellite imagery from 1997 to 2017 was acquired and underwent digital processing, resulting in the identification of five distinct land use classes. To evaluate changes in hydrological parameters, the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope test were applied to monthly coefficients of variation related to rainfall, reservoir inflow, and reservoir elevation.
The findings indicate a notable increase in rainfall deviations between 1998 and 1999. When examining the trends over decades, the years 1998, 1999, 2004, and 2006 exhibited positive rainfall deviations, while the remaining years displayed negative deviations with reduced magnitudes. The study also unveiled an escalation in evaporation deviations during 1995, followed by a significant decrease between 1993 and 1994.
The analyses reveal an overall negative trend with a slight reduction in rainfall. Consequently, it can be inferred that evaporation and reservoir inflow have the most significant impact, as heightened evaporation can lead to water scarcity within the dam. As a recommendation, it is advised that dam operators optimize water release from Kainji Dam and establish continuous monitoring mechanisms for hydro-meteorological variables. This proactive approach will enable timely alerts, ensuring efficient dam performance and environmental protection.
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