Basal Metabolic Rate Of Adult Males In Port Harcourt

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Basal Metabolic Rate Of Adult Males In Port Harcourt

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Title Page

Certification/Declaration

Approval Page

Dedication

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Table of content

Chapter 1

Introduction

1:1 Introduction

1:2 Background of the Study

1:3 Statements of Problems

1:4 Objectives of the Study

1:5 Research Question

1:6 Study of the Hypothesis

1:7 Significance of the Study

1:8 Justification of the Study

1:9 Scope of the Study

1:10 Definition of Terms

Chapter 2

Literature Review

2:0 Introduction

2:1 Conceptual Clarification

2:2 Theoretical Framework

2:3 Literatures on the Subject Matter

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

3:0 Area of Study

3:1 Source of Data

3:2 Sampling Techniques

3:3 Method Data Collection

3:4 Method of Data Analysis

3:5 Reliability of Instrument

3:6 Validity of Instrument

3:7 Limitations of the Study

Chapter 4

Data Analysis

4:0 Introduction

4:1 Finding of the Study

4:2 Discussion of the Study

4:3 Summary

Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation

5:0 Summary of Findings

5:1 Conclusion

5:2 Recommendations

5:3 Proposal for Further Studies

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

        Metabolism comes from a Greek word “metaballein” meaning to change or alter. Broadly speaking, metabolism may be defined as tissue change. It is the chemical process of transforming complex body substance into simple ones, along with the production of heat and energy. The rate of metabolism depends on the amount of physical work which the body does and therefore, can be reduced if the subject remains completely at rest. But even when all unnecessary movements are stopped a certain amount of energy is used in maintaining life and prevents processes from falling below the normal level. This cannot be further reduced without damage to the tissues. This amount of metabolism is considered the basal level.

        Basal metabolism is thus the term used to describe the biochemical changes which takes place while the individuals is lying down, still relaxed and warm. It could be said to be the energy required to maintain: cellular activity, respiration, circulation and other vegetative processes in the resting, fasting body. The rate at which energy is used up while the body is in this condition is defined as the basal metabolic rate (B.M.R.).

        Basal metabolic rate is therefore the rate at which the body uses energy for maintaining minimal bodily functions, such as: body temperature, respiration, and heart beat when at rest. This level of energy excludes: restlessness, fear, muscular movements, previous exercise, influence of food, elevation of body temperature, mental and physical initiation, as well as extremes of environmental temperature.

        The total heat production or energy expenditure of the body is the sum of energy required merely for maintaining life (basal) and that required carrying out all undertaken physical activities and the effect of Specific Dynamic Action (S.D.A) of food. Heat production comes about as a result of oxidation of food at the tissue level; FOOD + 0² = ENERGY + C0².

        Oxygen consumption method is thus used to determine the rate of metabolism in the man because it relates to the amount of energy that is produced (INDIRECT CALORIMETRY). The heat produced is lost to the atmosphere from the exposed body surfaces. Through direct calorimetry, the amount of loss is measured.

        The estimation of the basal metabolic rate is useful in a study of some diseases, notably in disorders of the thyroid gland. The precise knowledge of the calorie requirement for populations is of vital importance to a proper food distribution planning policy of any state or country.

        The universally accepted value of basal metabolic rate for adult males is 40Kcal/m²/hr, 37K cal/m²/hr for adult females. The male and the young, shows tendencies for higher basal metabolic rate values. Clinically, the basal metabolic rate is expressed as a percentage above or below the accepted normal standard for specific ages. A deviation of + 15% from fixed value is accepted to be normal.

        BASAL METABOLIC RATE       MALES     FEMALES

          (B.M.R) IN KCAL/M²/HR                  40.0         37.0

           FOR ADULTS

The basal metabolic rate expressed as the calorie needs is measured in Kcal/m²/hr. It is estimated using the food normogram which was developed by W.M. Boothby and Sandiford.

        In Nigeria little work has been done in this area of study. The available standards are for whites with blacks. There is great need therefore to determine if the basal metabolic rate for adult females in port Harcourt relates in any to that abroad where work has been done and if there are differences between the various age groups

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