THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

Health

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Cover Page – – – – – – – – – –
Title Page – – – – – – – – – –
Certification – – – – – – – – – –
Dedication – – – – – – – – – –
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – – –
Abstract – – – – – – – – – –
Table of Content – – – – – – – – –

Chapter One: Introduction

Background of the Study – – – – – –
Statement of the Problem – – – – – –
Objectives of the Study – – – – – – –
Research Questions – – – – – – –
Research Hypotheses – – – – – – –
Significance of the Study – – – – – – –
Scope/ Limitation of the Study – – – – – –
Definition of Terms – – – – – – –

Chapter Two: Review of Related Literature

2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – –
2.2 Conceptual Framework – – – – – – –
2.3 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – –
2.4 Empirical Review – – – – – – – –

Chapter Three: Research Methodology

.1 Introduction – – – – – – – –
3.1 Research Design – – – – – – – –
3.3 Area of the Study – – – – – – – –
3.4 Population of the Study – – – – – – –
3.5 Sample Size and Sampling Techniques – – – –
3.6 Instrumentation – – – – – – – –
3.7 Validation of the Instrument – – – – – –
3.8 Administration of the Instrument – – – – –
3.9 Method of Data Analysis – – – – – – –

Chapter Four: Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

4.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – –
4.2 Presentation and Analysis of Data – – – – –
4.3 Testing of Hypotheses – – – – – – –
4.4 Discussion of Findings – – – – – – –

Chapter Five: Summary, Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – –
5.2 Summary – – – – – – – – –
5.3 Conclusion – – – – – – – – –

1.1 Background

Enviros Consulting Ltd and Birmingham University were invited by DEFRA to carry out a review of the health and environmental impacts of waste management. The commissioning of this study arose from a recommendation in the Strategy Unit report “Waste not, Want not: A strategy for tackling the waste problem in England,” and a subsequent commitment in the Pre-Budget Report 2003. Recommendation 15 of the Strategy Unit report states that: “An independent body should bring together the literature and evidence on the relative health and environmental effects of all the different waste management options; relative both to each other and to other activities affecting health and the environment.” The commitment in the Pre-Budget Report states, “The Government will … commission a review of the environmental and health effects of all waste management and disposal options. The case for using economic instruments for incineration will be considered in light of this work, and in consultation with other stakeholders. The Government is also considering how the use of economic instruments could be extended further.” DEFRA has also commissioned a separate study to examine the range of economic values for the impacts and pollutants identified in this study. Enviros Consulting Ltd, in association with Eftec Ltd are undertaking this work Readership The report is designed to be suitable for use in informing and supporting waste management decisions. This report is also intended to be suitable for use as background information to assist in consideration of the case for using economic instruments for incineration. A separate report has been prepared by Enviros Consulting Ltd and Eftec for DEFRA, which considers the economic costs and benefits of the health and environmental effects of waste management.